SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS

Answer at least ONE question in this section, but not more than TWO questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.

QUESTION 1: HOW DID STALIN’S FIVE-YEAR PLANS TRANSFORM RUSSIA INTO AN INDUSTRIALISED STATE BY 1939?

Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.

Study Source 1A.

Define the concept industrialisation in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)

What reason did Stalin, according to the source, argue for his justification of the rapid industrialisation of Russia? (1 x 2) (2)

Define the concept collectivisation in the context of Stalin’s Five-Year Plans. (1 x 2) (2)

Explain why the collectivisation of farming changed Stalin’s mind about industrialisation. (2 x 2) (4)

Explain the usefulness of this source to a history student researching Stalin’s reasons for the industrialisation of Russia during the First Five Year Plan. (1 x 2) (2)

Read Source 1B.

What, according to the source, was the aim of the Second Five Year Plan in 1933? (1 x 2) (2)

List TWO failures of the First Five-Year plan as mentioned in the source. (2 x 1) (2)

Using the information in the source and your own knowledge explain how the Second Five-Year plan contributed towards Russia becoming an industrialised superpower. (2 x 2) (4)

Comment on the reasons why the Soviet government decided to improve their defence industry. (2 x 2) (4)

Refer to Source 1C.

How many tons of steel was produced in 1940? (1 x 2) (2)

Explain the significance of the huge increase in tanks and warplane production between 1937 and 1940. (1 x 2) (2)

Comment on why electricity production increased from 35,4 to 128 million kilowatt between 1928 and 1937. (1 x 2) (2)

Compare Sources 1A and 1C. Explain how the information in Source 1A supports the evidence in Source 1C regarding the successes of the Five- Year Plans. (1 x 2) (2)

Consider Source 1D.

What event, according to the source led to the USSR becoming a superpower in 1945? (1 x 1) (1)

Quote evidence from the source that suggests that the Five-Year Plans were a success. (3 x 1) (3)

Explain why you think Stalin introduced compulsory education during the Five-Year Plans. (2 x 2) (4)

What is implied by the statement, ‘Much of the new wealth of the country was never seen by ordinary citizens. Most of it went to the government to pay for more industrialisation, as well as for the
military’? (2 x 2) (4)

Using the information from the relevant sources and your own knowledge and write a paragraph of about SIX lines (about 60 words) explaining how Stalin’s Five-Year Plans transformed Russia to an industrialised state by 1939. (6)
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QUESTION 2: DID ROOSEVELT’S NEW DEAL ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVES OF RELIEF, REFORM AND RECOVERY OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY?

Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the following questions.

Use Source 2A.

Define the concept Great Depression in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)

What, according to the source, were the aims of the New Deal? (4 x 1) (4)

Explain why it was necessary for Roosevelt to reform the capitalist economic system in the USA. (2 x 2) (4)

Comment on the statement, ‘… the New Deal reshaped American political culture around the principle that the government is responsible for the welfare of its citizens’. (1 x 2) (2)

Refer to Source 2B.

What, according to the source, was the basis of Roosevelt’s theory in rebuilding the American economy? (1 x 2) (2)

List TWO ways how Roosevelt intended to restore the market. (2 x 1) (2)

Explain why Roosevelt’s instruction to farmers to produce less, was criticised by the American public. (1 x 2) (2)

Define the concept sharecropper in the context of the capitalist American economy. (1 x 2) (2)

Use the information in the source and your own knowledge to explain the impact of the National Recovery Administration on the American economy. (2 x 2) (4)

Consult Source 2C.

What, according to the source, was the goal of the Tennessee Valley Authority? (1 x 2) (2)

List TWO ways in which the Tennessee Valley Authority benefitted the citizens of Tennessee valley (2 x 1) (2)

Explain why you think capitalists were against the implementation of the Tennessee Valley Authority. (2 x 2) (4)

Explain the usefulness of this source to historians researching the impact of the Tennessee Valley Authority on America. (1 x 2) (2)

Use Source 2D.

Explain the intention of this poster regarding the people’s opinion about the Social Security Act. (2 x 2) (4)

Use the information in the source and your own knowledge to explain how the Social Security Act was implemented. (2 x 2) (4)

Compare Sources 2A and 2D. Explain how the information in Source 2A supports the evidence in Source 2D regarding the aims of the New Deal.
(1 x 2) (2)

Using information from the relevant sources and your own knowledge and write a paragraph of about SIX lines (about 60 words) explaining whether Roosevelt’s New Deal achieved the objectives of relief, reform and recovery of the American economy. (6)
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QUESTION 3: WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF PSEUDO-SCIENTIFIC RACE THEORIES ON NAZI RACIAL POLICIES IN THE 1930s AND 1940s?

Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the following questions.

Study Source 3A.

Define the concept racism in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)

Explain what is implied by Darwin’s theory of evolution. (2 x 2) (4)

List FOUR reasons from the source that Social Darwinism was used for over the past century and a half. (4 x 1) (4)

Comment on why Social Darwinism cannot be applied to the human race. (2 x 2) (4)

Refer to Source 3B.

What, according to the source, was the result of the implementation of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring? (1 x 2) (2)

Define the concept eugenics in the context of Social Darwinism. (1 x 2) (2)

List FOUR categories of people who the National Socialists identified for sterilisation. (4 x 1) (4)

Use the information in the source and your own knowledge to explain how eugenics violated the human rights of non-Arians living in Germany. (2 x 2) (4)

Consult Source 3C.

Why, according to the source, were members of Theresia’s family brought to the Gestapo headquarters in 1941? (1 x 2) (2)

Use the information in the source and your own knowledge to explain how the fundamental rights of babies were violated by the German eugenic programme. (2 x 2) (4)

Comment on why you think Theresia grabbed her baby and fled. (2 x 2) (4)

Use Source 3D.

What do you think was the intention of the Nazi’s with the publication of this photograph? (2 x 2) (4)

Explain the limitations of this photograph to historians researching Nazi racial policies in Germany during the 1940s. (1 x 2) (2)

Compare Sources 3C and 3D. Explain how the information in Source 3C contradicts the evidence in Source 3D, regarding the implementation of eugenics policies in Germany. (1 x 2) (2)

Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about SIX lines (about 60 words) explaining the impact of pseudo-scientific race theories on Nazi racial policies in the 1930s and 1940s. (6) [50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, from this section.
QUESTION 4: COMMUNISM IN RUSSIA, 1900–1940 ‘Lenin’s New Economic Policy was a compromise with capitalism to save communist rule in Russia.’ Do you agree with this statement? Use relevant historical evidence to support your line of argument.

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QUESTION 5: CAPITALISM IN THE USA, 1900–1940
‘Uncontrolled capitalism and the lack of government oversight led directly to the Great Depression.’ Critically discuss this statement by referring to the main causes of the Great Depression.

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QUESTION 6: IDEAS OF RACE IN THE LATE 19th AND 20th CENTURIES Explain to what extent pseudo-scientific theories based on Social Darwinism and Eugenics impacted the lives of Jews living in Germany in the 1940s.
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Answers to Above Questions on History

Answer 1: Industrialisation is defined as the process that involves the transformation of manual labour based economist to a mechanised production through the application of Technology. It includes a significant use of machinery and mass production techniques in order to perform the production process.

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